This is a great and really helpful post! I knew a few of these, but even other articles that I've looked at in the past didn't have all of these threats included. My expertise is pretty much limited to dogs, but I can say that I have had a run-in with the probably most well-known toxic dog food, chocolate. My stepdad's four-year-old golden retriever got into a tray of Oreo truffles while we were out, and they're made of about three different kinds of chocolates! Obviously we were extremely worried because she ate almost the entire tray-- which equates to almost the entire box of Oreos alone. The emergency vet told us that since the actual cocoa content in Oreos is actually very low, that we should just keep a very close eye on her and that she'd probably get a little sick, but that her life wasn't in danger. Moral of the story: Oreos are probably the least dangerous "toxic" dog food. Obviously don't pass them out as treats, but one or two for a medium to large sized dog will probably not be life-threatening.
Thanks for the info from above, it was really helpful and informative! All pet owners should be required to know this information.