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Depend on the actual species, some Cichlids can live up to 15 years or more.
Most fish can go without food for 3 weeks or more, thus one week without food is easy. It is nothing special. Even we humans can live for more than 3 weeks without food, and fish use even less energy to maintenance themselves because they do not have body heat.
Yes, some fish can live for a long time out of the water. The number one cause for fish dying out of the water was their own panicking. They often try to desperately flip around on the ground and injury themselves in process. If they just stay still, they can live for much longer without water.
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