RE: What is the most proper way to potty train a dog?
Try looking up information on crate training. That should help you get a routine going. It will help your dog understand that the crate is his home and that slowly the dog will understand that the space outside the kennel is his home too. And dogs generally don't want to mess up their homes.
Also, you need to be vigilant all the time. If you literally catch the dog IN the process of doing business inside, then you can interrupt them. It took my dog a few weeks to get potty training, but when he did get it, then he was good. But once he got the idea, he needed a little reinforcement. I caught him peeing twice and I interrupted him with an "ack" noise and HE STOPPED mid-stream and walked to the back door. So constant watching. It helps if you keep the dog attached to your waist throughout the day on a leash, then you can see when he goes to do his business inside and interrupt him in the process.